|
Ramcharun,
S.; Baijnath, H. & Greuning, J.V. van. 1990. Some aspects of the
reproductive biology of the Ficus natalensis complex in southern Africa. Mitteilungen
aus dem Institut für Allgemeine Botanik Hamburg. 23a:451-455.
Raemaekers, J. 1984. Large Versus Small Gibbons:
Relative Roles Of Bioenergetics And Competition In Their Ecological
Segregation In Sympatry. In The Lesser Apes. Evolutionary And
Behavioural Biology (Ed. H. Preuschoft, D. J. Chivers, W. Y.
Brockelman And N. Creel), Pp. 209-218. Edinburgh University Press,
Edinburgh, Uk
Ramirez,
W.B. 1970. Taxonomic and biological studies of Neotropical fig wasps
(Hymenoptera: Agaonidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin.
49(1):1-44.
Ramirez,
W.B. 1970. Host specificity of figwasps (Agaonidae). Evolution
24: 680– 691.
Ramirez,
W.B. 1974. Coevolution of Ficus
and
Agaonidae. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 61:770–780.
Ramirez,
W.B. 1978. Evolution of mechanisms to carry pollen in Agaonidae
(Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea). Tijdschr. Entomol. 121:279–293.
Ramirez,
W.B. 1980. Evolution of the monoecious and dioecious habit in Ficus
(Moraceae). Brenesia 18:207–215.
Ramirez,
W.B. 1986. Oviposition behaviour of Critogaster and Idarnes
(Sycophaginae, Torymidae: Chalcidoidea) longtailed parasites of the New World Pharmacosycea
and Urostigma figs. Brenesia. No 25-26:323-325.
Ramirez,
W.B. 1988. Parasitic relationships among chalcidoid fig-wasps and
the syconia of Ficus (Hymenoptera:
Chalcidoidea). Adv. Parasit. Hymenopt. Res. 1:345–350.
Ramírez,
W.B. 1990. Aristotle and his pupil Theophrastus were good observers but did not
have a photographic camera to record their observations. Brenesia. No
31:109-111.
Ramirez, W.B. 1991. Evolution of the mandibular appendage in fig wasps
(Hymenoptera: Agaonidae). Rev. Biol. Trop. 39:87–95.
Ramirez,
W.B. 1994. Hybridization of Ficus
religiosa with F. septica and F. aurea (Moraceae). Rev.
Biol. Trop. 42:339–342.
Ramirez,
W.B. 1997. Breathing adaptations of males in fig gall flowers (Hymenoptera:
Agaonidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical. 44-45(3-1):277-282.
Ramirez,
W.B. & Malavasi, J. 1997. Fig wasps: mechanisms of pollen transfer in Malvanthera
and Pharmacosycea figs (Moraceae). Revista de Biologia Tropical.
45(4):1635-1640.
Ramirez,
W.B. & Montero, J. S. 1989. Ficus microcarpa L., F. benjamina
L. and other species introduced in the New World, their pollinators (Agaonidae)
and other fig wasps. Revista de Biologia Tropical. 36(2B):441-446.
Ranger, G. 1950. Life Of The Crowned Hornbill. Ostrich
21, 2-13.
Rasplus J.Y. 1996. The one-to-one species-specificity of the
Ficus-Agaoninae mutualism: how casual? In: van der Maesen
L.J.G., X.M. van der Burgt & J.M. van Medenbach de Rooy (Editors), The
Biodiversity of African plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 639--649.
Rasplus
J.Y., Harry, M., Perrin H., Chassagnard, M.T. & Lachaise D. 2003. Les Ficus
(Moraceae) et l'entomofaune des figues (Hym. Agaonidae, Pteromalidae,
Torymidae, Eurytomidae; Dipt. Drosophilidae; Col. Curculionidae) du mont
Nimba en Guinée, in Lamotte, M & Roy, R. (eds), Le peuplement animal
du mont Nimba (Guinée, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia). Mémoirs du Muséum
national d'Histoire naturelle 190: 107-182. Paris.
Rasplus J.Y., C. Kerdelhué, I. Le
Clainche & G. Mondor, 1998. Molecular phylogeny of fig waps
(Hymenoptera). Agaonidae are not monophyletic. Compte Rendu de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris,
321: 517-527.
Ratcliffe, F. N. 1932. Notes On The Fruit Bats (Pteropus
Spp.) Of Australia. Journal Of Animal Ecology 1, 32-57.
Reddy,
Y.N. & Rao, P.N. 1986. Schistonchus racemosa sp.n., a nematode
parasite of wasp (Ceratosolen sp.) associated with the fig Ficus racemosa
L. Indian Journal of Nematology. 16(1):135-137.
Remsen, J. V, Hyde, M. A. & Chapman, A. 1993.
The Diets Of Neotropical Trogons, Motmots, Barbets And Toucans. Condor
95, 178-192.
Reynolds, V. & Reynolds, F. 1965. Chimpanzees
Of The Budongo Forest. In Primate Behaviour. Field Studies Of Monkeys
And Apes (Ed. I. De Vore), Pp. 368-424. Holt, Reinhart And Winston,
New York, Usa.
Ridley, H. N. 1930. The Dispersal Of Plants
Throughout The World. L. Reeve & Co., Kent, Uk.
Riley,
C.V.; Ashmead, W.H. & Howard, L.O. 1894. Report upon the parasitic
Hymenoptera of the island of St. Vincent. Journal of the Linnean Society
(Zoology). 25:56-254.
Risbec,
J. 1951. 1. Les Chalcidoides de l'Afrique occidentale française. Mémoires
de l'Institute Français d'Afrique Noire, Ifan-Dakar. 13:7-409.
Risbec,
J. 1951. Chalcidoïdes d'A.O.F. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique
Noire. 13:1110-1130.
Risbec,
J. 1953. Chalcidoïdes et proctotrupoïdes de l'Afrique occidentale français
d'Afrique Noire.15:549-609.
Risbec,
J. 1954. Chalcidoïdes et proctotrupoïdes de l'Afrique occidentale française
(3e supplément). Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (A).
16:524-552.
Risbec,
J. 1956. Torymidae et Agaonidae de Madagascar (Hym. Chalcidoidea). Annales de
la Société Entomologique de France. 124:149-194.
Risbec,
J. 1957. Chalcidoïdes et proctotrupoïdes de l'Afrique occidentale française. Bulletin
de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (A). 19:228-267.
Risbec,
J. 1957. Contribution à l'étude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi
(Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). CXXIII. Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae,
Pteromalidae, Eurytomidae, Torymidae, Perilampidae, Encyrtidae et Eupelmidae. Annales
du Musée Royal Congo Belge Tervuren (Zoologie). 58:148-231.
Rixford,
G.P. 1912. Fructification of the fig by Blastophaga. Journal of
Economic Entomology. 5, 349-355.
Roberts, J. T. & Heithaus, E. R. 1986. Ants
Rearrange The Vertebrate-Generated Seed Shadow Of A Neotropical Fig Tree. Ecology
67, 1046-1051.
Rogers, M. E., Maisels, F., Williamson, E. A.,
Fernandez, M. & Tutin, C. E. G. 1990. Gorilla Diet In The Lope Reserve,
Gabon: A Nutritional Analysis. Oecologia 84, 326-339.
Romo, M. C. 1996. Seasonal Variation In Fruit
Consumption And Seed Dispersal By Canopy Bats (Artibeus Spp.) In A
Lowland Forest In Peru. Vida Silvestre Neotropical 5, 110-119.
Rønsted, N., Salvo, G., Savolainen, V.,
2007. Biogeographical and phylogenetic origins of African fig species (Ficus
section Galoglychia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43,
190–201.
Rønsted, N., G. D. Weiblen, J. M. Cook, N. Salamin,
C. A. Machado, V. Savolainen. 2005. 60 million years of co-divergence in the
fig-wasp symbiosis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 272,
2593-2599.
Rose, A. B. 1973. Food Of Some Australian Birds. Emu
73, 177-183.
Russell, J. K. 1982. Timing Of Reproduction By
Coatis (Nasua Narica) In Relation To Fluctuations In Food
Resources. In The Ecology Of A Tropical Forest. Seasonal Rhythms And
Long-Term Changes.(Ed. E. G. Leigh Jr, A. S. Rand And D. M. Windsor),
Pp. 413-431. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., USA.
|