|
Baez, M. 1998. Presence in the Canary Islands of the
laurel de Indias pollinator wasp.
Boletin de la Asociation Española de Entomologia. 22(1-2):225.
Báez, M. & Askew, R.R. 1999. New records of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from the
Canary Islands. Boletin de la Asociation Española de Entomologia
23(1-2):65-82.
Baijnath H, & Ramcharun S. 1983. Aspects of pollination and floral
development in Ficus capensis
Thunb. (Moraceae). Bothalia 14:883–88
Baijnath H, & Ramcharun S. 1988. Reproductive biology and chalcid
symbiosis in Ficus burtt-davyi
(Moraceae).
Monogr. Syst. Bot. 25:227–35
Bailey,
L.H. 1924. Manual of cultivated plants. Macmillan, New York.
Bailey,
L.H. & Bailey. E.Z. 1976. Hortus Third. Macmillan Publishing Co., New
York.
Baker, C.F. 1913. A study of caprification in
Ficus nota.
Philippine Journal of Science
8:63–83.
Baker,
J. R. & Baker, Z. 1936. The Seasons In A Tropical Rain Forests. Part 3.
The Fruit Bats. Journal Of The Linnean Society Of London, (Zoology)
40, 123-141.
Balakrishnan Nair, P., Joseph, M. & Abdurahiman, U.C. 1981. New fig
wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Ficus altissima.
Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen
84: 145-154.
Balakrishnan Nair, P.; Abdurahiman, U.C. & Joseph, M. 1982. Two new Torymidae
(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Ficus hirta. Oriental Insects.
15(4):433-442.
Balakrishnan Nair, P. & Abdurahiman, U.C. 1984. Population dynamics of the fig
wasp Kradibia gestroi (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea Agaonidae) from Ficus
exasperata. Proceedings. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van
Wetenschappen, Amsterdam. (C). 87(4):365-376.
Balasubramanian, P. & Bole, P. V. 1993. Seed Dispersal By Mammals At
Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu. Journal Of The Bombay
Natural History Society 90, 33-44.
Balasubramanian, P. 1996. Interactions Between Fruit-Eating Birds And
Bird-Dispersed Plants In The Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest Of Point
Calimere, South India. Journal Of The Bombay Natural History Society
93, 428-441.
Balasubramanian, R., Narendra Prasad, S. & Kandavel, K. 1998. Role Of
Birds And Bird-Dispersal In The Natural Regeneration Of Forest Plants In
Tamil Nadu. Salim Ali Centre For Ornithology And Natural History,
Coimbatore, India.
Baltazar, C.R. 1966. A catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera (with a bibliography,
1758-1963). Pacific Insects Monograph. 8:1-488.
Banack,
S. A. 1996. Flying Foxes, Genus Pteropus, In The Samoan Islands:
Interaction With The Forest Communities. Ph.D. Thesis., University Of
California, Usa.
Bancroft, G. T. & Bowman, R. 1994. Temporal Patterns In Diet Of Nestling
White-Crowned Pigeons: Implications For Conservation Of
Frugivorous Columbids.
Auk 111, 844-852.
Bandeira,
S.O., Hatton, J.C., Munisse, P. & Izidine, S. 1994. The ecology and
conservation status of plant resources in Mozambique. In: B.J. Huntley
(ed.), Botanical Diversity in Southern Africa. Strelitzia 1: 105- 11
5.
Barker, N.P. 1985. Evidence of a volatile
attractant in Ficus ingens (Moraceae). Bothalia 15: 607-611.
Barnea,
A., Yom-Tov, Y. & Friedman, J. 1991. Does Ingestion By Birds Affect Seed
Germination? Functional Ecology
5, 394-402.
Barrett,
M.F. 1945. Ficus altissima. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 394-398.
Barrett,
M.F. 1949. Ficus retusa L. BuIl. Torrey Bot. Club 76: 53-64.
Barth, F.G. 1985. Insects and flowers. The biology of a partnership.
(English Edition). ix+297pp. George
Allen & Unwin, London, Sydney & Princetown, New Jersey.
Basset Y, Novotny V. 1999. Species richness of insect herbivore
communities on Ficus
in Papua New Guinea. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 67:477–499.
Basset, Y., V. Novotny and G. Weiblen. 1997. Ficus: a resource
for arthropods in the tropics, with particular reference to New Guinea.
In Forests and Insects: 18th Symposium of the Royal
Entomological Society (ed E. Watt, N. E. Stork and M. Hunter), pp.
339-359. Academic Press, London.
Bean, W.J.
1977. Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles. 8th edn., 2: 745-750.
Beardsley, J.W. 1982. Note on Odontofroggatia gajimaru Ishii.
Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. 24(1):6.
Beardsley JW. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated
with fruit of Ficus microcarpa
in Hawai’i. Proc. Hawaii. Entomol. Soc. 33:19–34
Beck NG, Lord EM. 1988. Breeding system in
Ficus carica,
the common fig. II. Pollination events. Am. J. Bot. 75:1913–1922.
Becker, P., Leighton, M. & Payne, J. B. 1985. Why Tropical Squirrels
Carry Seeds Out Of Source Crowns. Journal Of Tropical Ecology 1,
183-186.
Beck-King, H., Von Helversen, O. & Beck-King, R. 1999. Home Range,
Population Density, And Food Resources Of Agouti Paca (Rodentia:
Agoutidae) In Costa Rica: A Study Using Alternative Methods.
Biotropica 31, 675-685.
Beehler, B. 1983. Frugivory And Polygamy In Birds Of Paradise. Auk
100, 1-12.
Beehler, B. M. & Dumbacher, J. P. 1996. More Examples Of Fruiting Trees
Visited Predominantly By Birds Of Paradise. Emu
96, 81-88.
Beehler, B. M. 1987. Ecology And Behavior Of The Buff-Tailed Sicklebill
(Paradisaedae, Epimachus Albertisi. Auk
105, 48-55.
Beentje.
H. 1994. Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas. National Museums of
Kenya, Nairobi.
Beentje, H.J.
& Mbago, F.M. 2007. A guide to the fig trees of Western Tanzania with
special empahsis on Gombe and Mahale National Parks. Journal of East
African Natural History 96: 1–26.
Bein, E.,
Habte, B., Jaber, A., Birnie. A. & Tengnas. B. 1996. Useful Trees and Shrubs
in Eritrea. Regional Soil Conservation Unit/SIDA, Nairobi.
Bekele-Tesemma, A. 1993. Useful Trees and Shrubs of Ethiopia. Regional
Soil Conservation Unite/SIDA, Nairobi.
Berg.
C.C. 1977. Revisions of African Moraceae (excluding Dorstenia, Ficus, Musanga
and Myrianthus). Bull. fard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 47: 267-407.
Berg,
C.C. 1980. Three new African Ficus species and a comment on Ficus
gnaphalocarpa (Moraceae). Adansonia ser. 2. 20, 3: 263-272.
Berg,
C.C. 1982. The reinstatement of the genus Milicia Sim (Moraceae).
Bull. fard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 52: 225-229.
Berg,
C.C. 1986. The delimitation and subdivision of the genus Madura (Moraceae).
Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. v. Wetensch. 89,3: 241-247.
Berg, C.C. 1986. The Ficus species (Moraceae) of Madagascar and the
Comore Islands. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle d’Histoire
Naturelle. Paris (4), 8: 17-55.
Berg,
C.C. 1988. New taxa and combinations in Ficus (Moraceae) in
Africa. Kew Bull.43,1:77- 97.
Berg,
C.C. 1988. The genera Trophis and Streblus (Moraceae) remodelled.
Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. 91 : 345-362.
Berg,
C.C. 1989. Systematics and phylogeny of the Urticales. In: P.R. Crane & S.
Blackmore (eds), Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the
Hamemelidae 2. Systematics Assoc. Special Vol. 40B, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Berg, C.C. 1989. Classification and Distribution of Ficus.
Experientia 45: 605-611.
Berg, C.C. 1990.
Annotated check-list of the Ficus species of the African
floristic region, with special reference and a key to the taxa of
southern Africa. Kirkia, 13: 253-291.
Berg,
C.C. 1990. Distribution of African taxa of Ficus (Moraccae).
[Proc. 12th AETFAT]. Mitt. inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 23: 401-405.
Berg, C.C. 1990. Reproduction and evolution of
Ficus
(Moraceae): traits connected with the adequate rearing of pollinators.
Mem. NY Bot. Gard. 55:169–185.
Berg,
C.C. 1991. Moraceae. In: E. Launert & G.Y. Pope (eds) Flora
Zambesiaca 9, 6. Natural History Museum, London.
Berg,
C.C. 1998. Phytogeography, systematics and diversification of African Moraceae
compared with those of other tropical areas. In: C.R. Huxley, J.M. Lock & D.E
Cutler (eds), Chorology, Taxonomy and Ecology of the Floras of Africa and
Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Berg, C.C.
2002. Ficus baola, a new species of Ficus subgenus
Urostigma
section Malvanthera (Moraceae) from the Solomon Islands Blumea
47: 315-317.
Berg, C.C.
2003. Flora Malesiana precursor for the treatment of Moraceaea 1: The
main subdivision of Ficus: the subgenera. Blumea 48:
167-178.
Berg, C.C.
2003. Flora Malesiana precursor for the treatment of Moraceaea 2:
Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea
section Oreosycea. Blumea 48: 289-301.
Berg, C.C.
2003. Flora Malesiana precursor for the treatment of Moraceaea 3:
Ficus subgenus Ficus. Blumea 48: 529-550.
Berg, C.C.
2003. Flora Malesiana precursor for the treatment of Moraceaea 4:
Ficus subgenus Synoecia. Blumea 48: 551-571.
Berg, C.C.
2003. Flora Malesiana precursor for the treatment of Moraceaea 5:
Ficus subgenus Sycidium. Blumea 48: 573-597.
Berg, C.C. 2004.
Flora Malesiana precursor for the treatment of Moraceaea 6: Ficus
subgenus Sycomorus. Blumea
49: 155-200.
Berg, C.C.
2004. Flora Malesiana precursor for the treatment of Moraceaea 7:
Ficus subgenus Urostigma. Blumea
49: 463-480.
Berg,
C.C.
&
Simonis,
J.F.
(1981)
The
Ficus
flora
of
Venezuela:
five
species
complexes
discussed
and
two
new
species
described.
Ernestia,
6,
1–11.
Berg,
C.C.,
Va
´
zquez
A.M.
&
Kooy,
F.
(1984)
Ficus
species
of
Brazilian
Amazonian
and
the
Guianas.
Acta
Amazonica,
14,
159–194.
Berg,
C.C.
&
Simonis,
J.F.
(1981)
The
Ficus
flora
of
Venezuela:
five
species
complexes
discussed
and
two
new
species
described.
Ernestia,
6,
1–11.
Berg,
C.C.,
Va
´
zquez
A.M.
&
Kooy,
F.
(1984)
Ficus
species
of
Brazilian
Amazonian
and
the
Guianas.
Acta
Amazonica,
14,
159–194.
Berg, C.C. 2010.
Flora of Ecuador, Volume 85, Part 27C: Moraceae (Ficus).
Botanical Institute, Goteborg University.
148 pages.
ISBN-13:
9789185529162.
Berg, C.C. & Carauta,
J.P.P. 2002. New species of Ficus (Moraceaea) from Brazil.
Brittonia 54: 236-250.
Berg, C.C.,
Carauta,
JPP,
Machado AFP. 2013. Ficus goiana, a replacement name for a
Brazilian species of fig (Moraceae). Phytotaxa 108 (1): 54–56.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.108.1.4
Berg, C.C. &
Corner, E.J.H. 2005. Moraceae - Ficus. Flora Malesiana Series
I (Seed Plants) Volume 17/Part 2. National Herbarium of the
Netherlands, Leiden.
Berg,
C.C. & Hijman, M.E.E. 1999. The genus Dorstenia (Moraceae).
Ilicifolia 2: 1- 211.
Berg, C.C. & Hijman, M.E.E. 1989. Chapter 11. Ficus. Flora of
Tropical East Africa (ed. R.M. Polhill). 43-86. A.A. Balkema,
Rotterdam.
Berg,
C.C., Hijman, M.E.E. & Weerdenburg, J.C.A. 1984. Moracées (incl.
Cécropiacées). Flore du Gabon 26: 1–276.
Berg,
C.C., Hijman, M.E.E. & Weerdenburg, J.C.A. 1985. Moracées (incl.
Cécropiacées). Flore du Cameroun 28: 1–298.
Berg, C.C. & Simonis,
J.F. 1981. The Ficus flora of Venezuela: five species complexes
discussed and two new species described. Ernestia 6: 1–11.
Berg, C.C., Vázquez A.M. &
Kooy, F. 1984. Ficus species of Brazilian Amazonian and the Guianas. Acta
Amazonica 14: 159–194.
Berg, C.C. & Wiebes,
J.T. 1992. African fig trees and fig wasps. Koninklijke
Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Amsterdam, 1-298 pp.
Berney,
F. 1906. Field Notes On The Birds Of The Richmond District, North
Queensland. Emu 6, 41-47.
Bhat,
H. R. 1994. Observations On The Food And Feeding Behaviour Of
Cynopterus Sphinx Vahl (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) At Pune, India.
Mammalia 58, 363-370.
Biegel,
H.M. 1977. Check-list of Ornamental Plants used in Rhodesian Parks
and Gardens. Rhodesian Agricultural Journal, Research report 3,
Government Printer, Harare.
Billberg, G.J. 1820. Enumerati Insectorum in Museo Gust. Jon. Billberg.
138pp. Stockholm.
Bingham, C. T. 1897. The Great Indian Hornbill In The Wild State.
Journal Of The Bombay Natural History Society 11, 308-310.
Binns. B.
1972. Dictionary of Plant Names in Malawi. University of
Malawi, Zomba.
Binstead, G. 1977. Food Of The Western Bowerbird In The Chichester
Range, W. A. Western Australian Naturalist 14, 77.
Birkinshaw, C. R. 1999. The Importance Of The Black Lemur (Eulemur
Macaco) For Seed Dispersal In Lokobe Forest, Nosy Be. In New
Directions In Lemur Studies (Ed. B. Rakotosamimanana, H.
Rasamimanana, J. Ganzhorn And S. M. Goodman), Pp. 189-199. Kluwer
Academic, New York, Usa.
Blanchard, E.E. 1944. Dos nuevas especies de agaonidos Argentinos. Acta
Zoologica Lilloana. 2(2):301-305.
Bleher,
B., Potgeiter, C. J., Johnson, D. N. & Bohning-Gaese, K. (In Review.
Fruit Availability And Keystone Plant Resources For Frugivores In A Dry
Forest In Kwazulu - Natal, South Africa.
Journal Of Tropical Ecology
Blume.
C.L. 1836. Rumphia, commentat'iones botanicae imprimis de plantis Indiae
Orientalis, 2. Lugduni-Batavorum.
Boissier, E. (1846): Diagnoses
plantarum orientalium novarum, ser. 1, 7: 96. Genève, Leipzig.
Bolnick,
D. 1995. A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia & neighbouring
regions. Macmillan Education Ltd., London.
Borges, R. M. 1993. Figs, Malabar Giant Squirrels And Fruit Shortages
Within Two Tropical Indian Forests. Biotropica
25, 183-190.
Borges RM,
Bessiére J-M, Hossaert-McKey M. 2008. The chemical ecology of seed dispersal in
monoecious and dioecious figs. Funct. Ecol. 22:484–93
Bouček
Z., 1970.
Contribution to the knowldege of Italian Chalcidoidea based mainly on a study
at the Institute of Entomology in Turin, with descriptions of some new European
species (Hymenoptera). Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana.
49:35-102.
Bouček,
Z. 1969. On some new or otherwise interesting Torymidae, Ormyridae, Eurytomidae
and Pteromalidae (Hym.) mainly from the Mediterranean subregion. Bullettino
de Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 'Filippo Silverstri', Portici.27:27-54.
Bouček
Z., 1978. The study of non-podagrionine
Torymidae with enlarge hind femore, with a key to African genera (Hymenptera).
Journal of Entomological Society of Southern Africa 41(1):91-134.
Bouček Z., 1988.
Australian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) : a biosystematic revision of
genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB
International, Wallingford, 1-832 pp.
Bouček,
Z., 1990. Australian
Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): futher errors and omissions. Entomologist's
Monthly Magazine.126:87-88.
Bouček,
Z. 1991. The identity of Dynatogmus Mayr (Hym., Agaonidae, Sycophaginae).
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 127:190.
Bouček,
Z., 1991. Four new genera
of European Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera), with some taxonomic changes.
Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e Bachicoltura, Milano (2). 22(2):195-206.
Bouček, Z., 1993. The
genera of Chalcidoid wasps from Ficus
fruit in the New World. Journal of Natural History, 27:
173-217.
Bouček,
Z., 1933. New taxa of North
American Pteromalidae and Tetracampidae (Hymenoptera), with notes.
Journal of Natural Histor. 27:1239-1313.
Bouček,
Z.; Subba Rao, B.R. & Farooqi, S.I. 1979. A preliminary review of Pteromalidae
(Hymenoptera) of India and adjacent countries. Oriental Insects.
12(4):433-468.
Bouček Z, Watsham
A & Wiebes JT. 1981. The fig wasp fauna of the receptacles of
Ficus thonningii (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Tijdschrift Voor
Entomologie 124(5): 149-233.
Bravo, A. & Harms, KE. 2017. The biogeography of sodium
in Neotropical figs (Moraceae). Biotropica 49: 18–22.
doi:10.1111/btp.12398
Bravo,
S. P. & Zunino, G. E. 1998. Effects Of Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta
Caraya) Seed Ingestion On Insect Larvae. American Journal Of
Primatology 45, 411-415.
Bravo,
S. P., Kowalewski, M. M. & Zunino, G. E. 1995. Dispersión Y Germinación
De Semillas De Ficus Monckii
Por Aloutta Carya. Boletin Primatologico Latinoamericano 5,
27-30.
Breitwisch, R. 1983. Frugivores At A Fruiting Ficus
Vine In A Southern Cameroon Tropical Wet Forest. Biotropica 15,
125-128.
Brenan,
J.P.M. & Greenway, P.J. 1949. Check-lists of the forest trees and
shrubs of the British Empire. Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford.
Brockelman, W. Y. 1982. Observations Of Animals Feeding In A Strangler
Fig, Ficus Drupacea, In Southeast Thailand. Natural History
Bulletin Of The Siam Society 30, 33-44.
Bronstein JL. 1987. Maintenance of species-specificity in a neotropical
figpollinator wasp mutualism. Oikos
48:39– 46.
Bronstein JL. 1988. Limits to fruit production in a monoecious fig:
consequences of an obligate mutualism.
Ecology
69:207– 214.
Bronstein JL. 1988. Mutualism, antagonism and the fig-pollinator
interaction. Ecology
69:1298–302 20.
Bronstein JL. 1988. Predators of fig wasps. Biotropica
20:215–219.
Bronstein J.L.,
1989. A mutualism at the edge of its range. Experientia, 45:
622-636.
Bronstein JL. 1991. The nonpollinating wasp fauna of
Ficus pertusa:
exploitation of a mutualism? Oikos 61:175–186.
Bronstein JL. 1999. Natural history of
Anidarnes bicolor
(Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), a galler of the Florida strangling fig (Ficus
aurea). Fla. Entomol. 82:454– 464.
Bronstein, J. L. & Hoffman, K. 1987. Spatial And Temporal Variation In
Frugivory At A Neotropical Fig, Ficus Pertusa.
Oikos 49, 261-268.
Bronstein, J.L.
1992. Seed predators as mutualists: ecology and evolution of the
fig/pollinator interaction. Pp. 1-44 in Insect-Plant Interactions
Vol IV, E. Bernays, ed. CRC Press, London.
Bronstein JL, Gouyon P, Gliddon C, Kjellberg F, & Michaloud G. 1990. The
ecological consequences of flowering asynchrony in monoecious figs: a
simulation study. Ecology
71:2145–2156.
Bronstein, J.L. & Hosaert-McKey, M. 1996. Variation in reproductive success
within a subtropical fig/pollinator mutualism. Journal of Biogeography.
23(4):433-446.
Bronstein, J.L. & Hossaert-McKey, M. 1995. Hurricane Andrew and a Florida fig
pollination mutualism: resilience of an obligate interaction. Biotropica.
27(3):373-381.
Bronstein JL, & McKey D. 1989. The fig/ pollinator mutualism: a model
system for comparative biology. Experientia
45: 601–604.
Bronstein JL, & Patel A. 1992. Causes and consequences of within—tree
phenological patterns in the Florida strangling fig,
Ficus aurea
(Moraceae). Am. J. Bot. 79:41–48.
Bronstein JL, & Patel A. 1992. Temperature- sensitive development:
consequences for local persistence of two subtropical figwasp species.
Am. Midl. Nat.
128:397– 403.
Bronstein, J.L., Vernet, D. & Hossaert-McKey, M. 1998. Do fig wasps interfere
with each other during oviposition? Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata.
87(3):321-324.
Brooks DR & Ferraro AL.
2005. The historical biogeography of co-evolution: emerging infectious
diseases are evolutionary accidents waiting to happen. Journal of
Biogeography 32: 1291-1299.
Brosset, A. & Erard, C. 1986. Les Oiseaux Des Regions Forestieres Du
Nord-Est Gabon. Volume I. Ecologie Et Comportement Des Especes. Revue
D'ecologie (La Terre Et La Vie) Supplement 3.
Brues CT. 1910. The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Tertiary of Florissant,
Colorado. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.
54:1–125
Brummitt,
R.K. 1992. Vascular Plant Families and Genera. Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew.
Burks, B.D. 1979. Torymidae (Agaoninae) and all other families of Chalcidoidea
(excluding Encyrtidae). (In: Krombein, K.V.; Hurd, P.D. jr.; Smith, D.R.; Burks,
B.D., Editors.) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico.
1:748-749, 768-889, 967-1043. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, D.C.
Burks, B.D. 1958. A North America Colotrechnus (Zanonia) (Hymenoptera:
Pteromalidae). Florida Entomologist. 41(1):13-16.
Burks, B.D. 1969. New Perilampidae (Hyemoptera:
Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of Entomological Society of Washington. 71:
73-81.
Burks, B.D. 1969. Redefinitions of two genera of
chalcidoids from figs, with new Florida species. Florida Entomologist
52(2):115-112.
Burrows, J. & Burrows, S.
2003. Figs of southern & south-central Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield.
379 pp.
Butcher, F.G. 1964. The Florida fig wasp, Secundeisenia mexicana (Ashm.),
and some of its hymenopterous symbionts. Florida Entomologist.
47(4):235-238.
Butler, W. H. 1971. Yellow Fig Bird In Western Australia. Western
Australian Naturalist 12, 21.
|
