|
Baez,
M. 1998. Presence in the Canary Islands of the laurel de Indias pollinator wasp.
Boletin de la Asociation Española de Entomologia. 22(1-2):225.
Báez,
M. & Askew, R.R. 1999. New records of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from the
Canary Islands. Boletin de la Asociation Española de Entomologia
23(1-2):65-82.
Baijnath H,
& Ramcharun S. 1983. Aspects of pollination and floral
development in Ficus capensis Thunb.
(Moraceae). Bothalia 14:883–88
Baijnath H,
& Ramcharun S. 1988. Reproductive biology and chalcid symbiosis
in Ficus burtt-davyi (Moraceae).
Monogr. Syst. Bot. 25:227–35
Baker,
C.F. 1913. A study of caprification in Ficus
nota.
Philippine
Journal of Science 8:63–83.
Baker, J. R. & Baker, Z. 1936. The Seasons In
A Tropical Rain Forests. Part 3. The Fruit Bats. Journal Of The Linnean
Society Of London, (Zoology) 40, 123-141.
Balakrishnan
Nair, P., Joseph, M. & Abdurahiman, U.C. 1981. New fig wasps
(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Ficus altissima. Proceedings of
the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen 84: 145-154.
Balakrishnan
Nair, P.; Abdurahiman, U.C. & Joseph, M. 1982. Two new Torymidae
(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Ficus hirta. Oriental Insects.
15(4):433-442.
Balakrishnan
Nair, P. & Abdurahiman, U.C. 1984. Population dynamics of the fig wasp Kradibia
gestroi (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea Agaonidae) from Ficus exasperata. Proceedings.
Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam. (C).
87(4):365-376.
Balasubramanian, P. & Bole, P. V. 1993. Seed
Dispersal By Mammals At Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu. Journal
Of The Bombay Natural History Society 90, 33-44.
Balasubramanian, P. 1996. Interactions Between
Fruit-Eating Birds And Bird-Dispersed Plants In The Tropical Dry Evergreen
Forest Of Point Calimere, South India. Journal Of The Bombay Natural
History Society 93, 428-441.
Balasubramanian, R., Narendra Prasad, S. &
Kandavel, K. 1998. Role Of Birds And Bird-Dispersal In The Natural
Regeneration Of Forest Plants In Tamil Nadu. Salim Ali Centre For
Ornithology And Natural History, Coimbatore, India.
Baltazar,
C.R. 1966. A catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera (with a bibliography,
1758-1963). Pacific Insects Monograph. 8:1-488.
Banack, S. A. 1996. Flying Foxes, Genus Pteropus,
In The Samoan Islands: Interaction With The Forest Communities. Ph.D.
Thesis., University Of California, Usa.
Bancroft, G. T. & Bowman, R. 1994. Temporal
Patterns In Diet Of Nestling White-Crowned Pigeons: Implications For
Conservation Of
Frugivorous Columbids. Auk 111, 844-852.
Barker, N.P. 1985. Evidence of a volatile
attractant in Ficus ingens (Moraceae). Bothalia 15: 607-611.
Barnea, A., Yom-Tov, Y. & Friedman, J. 1991.
Does Ingestion By Birds Affect Seed Germination? Functional Ecology
5, 394-402.
Barth,
F.G. 1985. Insects and flowers. The biology of a partnership. (English
Edition). ix+297pp. George Allen
& Unwin, London, Sydney & Princetown, New Jersey.
Basset Y, Novotny V. 1999. Species richness of insect herbivore
communities on Ficus in
Papua New Guinea. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 67:477–499.
Basset, Y., V. Novotny and G. Weiblen. 1997. Ficus:
a resource for arthropods in the tropics, with particular reference to New
Guinea. In Forests and Insects: 18th Symposium of the Royal
Entomological Society (ed E. Watt, N. E. Stork and M. Hunter), pp.
339-359. Academic Press, London.
Beardsley,
J.W. 1982. Note on Odontofroggatia gajimaru Ishii. Proceedings of the
Hawaiian Entomological Society. 24(1):6.
Beardsley JW. 1998. Chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated
with fruit of Ficus microcarpa in
Hawai’i. Proc. Hawaii. Entomol. Soc. 33:19–34
Beck NG, Lord EM. 1988. Breeding system in Ficus
carica,
the common fig. II. Pollination events. Am. J. Bot. 75:1913–1922.
Becker, P., Leighton, M. & Payne, J. B. 1985.
Why Tropical Squirrels Carry Seeds Out Of Source Crowns. Journal Of
Tropical Ecology 1, 183-186.
Beck-King, H., Von Helversen, O. & Beck-King,
R. 1999. Home Range, Population Density, And Food Resources Of Agouti
Paca (Rodentia: Agoutidae) In Costa Rica: A Study Using Alternative
Methods. Biotropica 31, 675-685.
Beehler, B. 1983. Frugivory And Polygamy In Birds
Of Paradise. Auk 100, 1-12.
Beehler, B. M. & Dumbacher, J. P. 1996. More
Examples Of Fruiting Trees Visited Predominantly By Birds Of Paradise. Emu
96, 81-88.
Beehler, B. M. 1987. Ecology And Behavior Of The
Buff-Tailed Sicklebill (Paradisaedae, Epimachus Albertisi. Auk
105, 48-55.
Beentje, H.J.
& Mbago, F.M. 2007. A guide to the fig trees of Western Tanzania with
special empahsis on Gombe and Mahale National Parks. Journal of East
African Natural History 96: 1–26.
Berg,
C.C. 1986. The Ficus species
(Moraceae) of Madagascar and the Comore Islands. Bulletin du Muséum
national d’Histoire naturelle d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris (4), 8:
17-55.
Berg,
C.C. 1989. Classification and
distribution of Ficus. Experientia, 45: 605-611.
Berg, C.C. 1990. Annotated check-list of the Ficus species
of the African floristic region, with special reference and a key to the
taxa of southern Africa. Kirkia, 13: 253-291.
Berg,
C.C. 1990. Reproduction and evolution of Ficus
(Moraceae):
traits connected with the adequate rearing of pollinators. Mem. NY Bot.
Gard. 55:169–185.
Berg, C.C.
2002. Ficus baola, a new species of Ficus subgenus Urostigma
section Malvanthera (Moraceae) from the Solomon Islands Blumea
47: 315-317.
Berg, C.C. 2003a. Flora Malesiana precursor for the
treatment of Moraceaea 1: The main subdivision of Ficus: the
subgenera. Blumea 48: 167-178.
Berg, C.C. 2003b. Flora Malesiana precursor for the
treatment of Moraceaea 2: Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea
section Oreosycea. Blumea 48: 289-301.
Berg, C.C.
2003c. Flora Malesiana precursor for the
treatment of Moraceaea 3: Ficus subgenus Ficus. Blumea 48:
529-550.
Berg, C.C.
2003d. Flora Malesiana precursor for the
treatment of Moraceaea 4: Ficus subgenus Synoecia. Blumea 48:
551-571.
Berg, C.C.
2003e. Flora Malesiana precursor for the
treatment of Moraceaea 5: Ficus subgenus Sycidium. Blumea 48:
573-597.
Berg, C.C. 2004a. Flora Malesiana precursor for the
treatment of Moraceaea 6: Ficus subgenus Sycomorus. Blumea
49: 155-200.
Berg, C.C.
2004b. Flora Malesiana precursor for the
treatment of Moraceaea 7: Ficus subgenus Urostigma. Blumea
49: 463-480.
Berg, C.C. &
Carauta, J.P.P. 2002. New species of Ficus (Moraceaea) from Brazil.
Brittonia 54: 236-250.
Berg, C.C.
& Corner, E.J.H. 2005. Moraceae - Ficus. Flora Malesiana
Series I (Seed Plants) Volume 17/Part 2. National Herbarium of the
Netherlands, Leiden.
Berg,
C.C. & Hijman, M.E.E. 1989. Chapter 11. Ficus. Flora of
Tropical East Africa (ed. R.M. Polhill). 43-86. A.A. Balkema,
Rotterdam.
Berg, C.C., Hijman, M.E.E. & Weerdenburg,
J.C.A. 1984. Moracées (incl.
Cécropiacées). Flore du Gabon 26: 1–276.
Berg, C.C., Hijman, M.E.E. & Weerdenburg,
J.C.A. 1985. Moracées (incl.
Cécropiacées). Flore du Cameroun 28: 1–298.
Berg, C.C. & Wiebes, J.T. 1992. African fig trees and
fig wasps. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen.
Amsterdam, 1-298 pp.
Berney, F. 1906. Field Notes On The Birds Of The
Richmond District, North Queensland. Emu 6, 41-47.
Bhat, H. R. 1994. Observations On The Food And
Feeding Behaviour Of Cynopterus Sphinx Vahl (Chiroptera,
Pteropodidae) At Pune, India. Mammalia 58, 363-370.
Billberg,
G.J. 1820. Enumerati Insectorum in Museo Gust. Jon. Billberg.
138pp. Stockholm.
Bingham, C. T. 1897. The Great Indian Hornbill In
The Wild State. Journal Of The Bombay Natural History Society 11,
308-310.
Binstead, G. 1977. Food Of The Western Bowerbird
In The Chichester Range, W. A. Western Australian Naturalist 14,
77.
Birkinshaw, C. R. 1999. The Importance Of The
Black Lemur (Eulemur Macaco) For Seed Dispersal In Lokobe Forest,
Nosy Be. In New Directions In Lemur Studies (Ed. B.
Rakotosamimanana, H. Rasamimanana, J. Ganzhorn And S. M. Goodman), Pp.
189-199. Kluwer Academic, New York, Usa.
Blanchard,
E.E. 1944. Dos nuevas especies de agaonidos Argentinos. Acta Zoologica
Lilloana. 2(2):301-305.
Bleher, B., Potgeiter, C. J., Johnson, D. N.
& Bohning-Gaese, K. (In Review. Fruit Availability And Keystone Plant
Resources For Frugivores In A Dry Forest In Kwazulu - Natal, South Africa.
Journal Of Tropical Ecology
Borges, R. M. 1993. Figs, Malabar Giant Squirrels
And Fruit Shortages Within Two Tropical Indian Forests. Biotropica
25, 183-190.
Bouček
Z., 1970.
Contribution to the knowldege of Italian Chalcidoidea based mainly on a study
at the Institute of Entomology in Turin, with descriptions of some new European
species (Hymenoptera). Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana.
49:35-102.
Bouček,
Z. 1969. On some new or otherwise interesting Torymidae, Ormyridae,
Eurytomidae and Pteromalidae (Hym.) mainly from the Mediterranean subregion.
Bullettino de Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 'Filippo Silverstri',
Portici.27:27-54.
Bouček
Z., 1978. The study of
non-podagrionine Torymidae with enlarge hind femore, with a key to African
genera (Hymenptera). Journal of Entomological Society of Southern Africa
41(1):91-134.
Bouček Z., 1988. Australian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) : a
biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a
reclassification of species. CAB International, Wallingford, 1-832 pp.
Bouček,
Z., 1990. Australian
Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): futher errors and omissions. Entomologist's
Monthly Magazine.126:87-88.
Bouček,
Z. 1991. The identity of Dynatogmus Mayr (Hym., Agaonidae, Sycophaginae).
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 127:190.
Bouček,
Z., 1991. Four new
genera of European Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera), with some taxonomic changes.
Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e Bachicoltura, Milano (2). 22(2):195-206.
Bouček, Z., 1993. The genera of Chalcidoid wasps from Ficus
fruit in the New World. Journal of Natural History, 27:
173-217.
Bouček,
Z., 1933. New taxa of
North American Pteromalidae and Tetracampidae (Hymenoptera), with notes.Journal
of Natural History. 27:1239-1313.
Bouček,
Z.; Subba Rao, B.R. & Farooqi, S.I. 1979. A preliminary review of
Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) of India and adjacent countries. Oriental Insects.
12(4):433-468.
Bouček Z., A. Watsham & J.T. Wiebes, 1981. The fig wasp
fauna of the receptacles of Ficus thonningii (Hymenoptera,
Chalcidoidea). Tijdschrift Voor Entomologie, 124(5): 149-233.
Bravo, S. P. & Zunino, G. E. 1998. Effects Of
Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta Caraya) Seed Ingestion On Insect
Larvae. American Journal Of Primatology 45, 411-415.
Bravo, S. P., Kowalewski, M. M. & Zunino, G.
E. 1995. Dispersión Y Germinación De Semillas De Ficus Monckii
Por Aloutta Carya. Boletin Primatologico Latinoamericano 5,
27-30.
Breitwisch, R. 1983. Frugivores At A Fruiting Ficus
Vine In A Southern Cameroon Tropical Wet Forest. Biotropica 15,
125-128.
Brockelman, W. Y. 1982. Observations Of Animals
Feeding In A Strangler Fig, Ficus Drupacea, In Southeast Thailand. Natural
History Bulletin Of The Siam Society 30, 33-44.
Bronstein JL. 1987. Maintenance of species-specificity in a neotropical
figpollinator wasp mutualism. Oikos 48:39–
46.
Bronstein JL. 1988. Limits to fruit production in a monoecious fig:
consequences of an obligate mutualism. Ecology
69:207–
214.
Bronstein JL. 1988. Mutualism, antagonism and the fig-pollinator
interaction. Ecology 69:1298–302
20.
Bronstein JL. 1988. Predators of fig wasps. Biotropica 20:215–219.
Bronstein J.L., 1989. A mutualism at the edge of its range. Experientia,
45: 622-636.
Bronstein JL. 1991. The nonpollinating wasp fauna of Ficus
pertusa: exploitation of a mutualism? Oikos 61:175–186.
Bronstein JL. 1999. Natural history of Anidarnes
bicolor (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), a galler of the Florida
strangling fig (Ficus aurea). Fla. Entomol. 82:454– 464.
Bronstein, J. L. & Hoffman, K. 1987. Spatial
And Temporal Variation In Frugivory At A Neotropical Fig, Ficus Pertusa.
Oikos 49, 261-268.
Bronstein, J.L. 1992. Seed predators as mutualists:
ecology and evolution of the fig/pollinator interaction. Pp. 1-44 in
Insect-Plant Interactions Vol IV, E. Bernays, ed. CRC Press, London.
Bronstein JL, Gouyon P, Gliddon C, Kjellberg F,
& Michaloud G. 1990. The
ecological consequences of flowering asynchrony in monoecious figs: a
simulation study. Ecology 71:2145–2156.
Bronstein,
J.L. & Hosaert-McKey, M. 1996. Variation in reproductive success within a
subtropical fig/pollinator mutualism. Journal of Biogeography.
23(4):433-446.
Bronstein,
J.L. & Hossaert-McKey, M. 1995. Hurricane Andrew and a Florida fig
pollination mutualism: resilience of an obligate interaction. Biotropica.
27(3):373-381.
Bronstein JL,
& McKey D. 1989. The fig/ pollinator mutualism: a model
system for comparative biology. Experientia 45:
601–604.
Bronstein JL,
& Patel A. 1992. Causes and consequences of within—tree
phenological patterns in the Florida strangling fig, Ficus
aurea (Moraceae). Am. J. Bot. 79:41–48.
Bronstein JL,
& Patel A. 1992. Temperature- sensitive development:
consequences for local persistence of two subtropical figwasp species. Am.
Midl. Nat. 128:397– 403.
Bronstein,
J.L., Vernet, D. & Hossaert-McKey, M. 1998. Do fig wasps interfere with each
other during oviposition? Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata.
87(3):321-324.
Brosset, A. & Erard, C. 1986. Les Oiseaux Des
Regions Forestieres Du Nord-Est Gabon. Volume I. Ecologie Et Comportement
Des Especes. Revue D'ecologie (La Terre Et La Vie)
Supplement 3.
Brues CT. 1910. The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Tertiary of Florissant,
Colorado. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 54:1–125
Burks,
B.D. 1979. Torymidae (Agaoninae) and all other families of Chalcidoidea
(excluding Encyrtidae). (In: Krombein, K.V.; Hurd, P.D. jr.; Smith, D.R.; Burks,
B.D., Editors.) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico.
1:748-749, 768-889, 967-1043. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, D.C.
Burks,
B.D. 1958. A North America Colotrechnus (Zanonia) (Hymenoptera:
Pteromalidae). Florida Entomologist. 41(1):13-16.
Burks,
B.D. 1969. New Perilampidae (Hyemoptera: Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of
Entomological Society of Washington. 71: 73-81.
Burks,
B.D. 1969. Redefinitions of two genera of chalcidoids from figs, with new
Florida species. Florida Entomologist 52(2):115-112.
Burrows, J. & Burrows,
S. 2003. Figs of southern & south-central Africa. Umdaus Press,
Hatfield. 379 pp.
Butcher,
F.G. 1964. The Florida fig wasp, Secundeisenia mexicana (Ashm.), and some
of its hymenopterous symbionts. Florida Entomologist. 47(4):235-238.
Butler, W. H. 1971. Yellow Fig Bird In Western
Australia. Western Australian Naturalist 12, 21.
|