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1A
|
Mandible
with two apical teeth and a single large ventral tooth (fig. a); head always
elongate and subovate, with a broadly bifurcate epistomal margin (fig. b).
MPS on antennae numerous and in close apposition (fig. c) ....
19
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|
1B
|
Mandible
with two apical teeth and two or more ventral teeth (a); head may be square or
elongate; epistomal margin otherwise; MPS less numerous and more widely spaced (c)
.........
2
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2A
|
Mandible with two to four ventral teeth apically situated (figs.
a & b); mandible narrow and elongate, projecting forwards and downwards away from
the epistomal margin; epistomal margin broadly concave, often with a medial
convexity (fig. c) ......................................................................................................
10
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|
2B
|
Mandible with a row of at
least 9 teeth on ventral edge (fig.a), or a ventral plate of teeth (fig. b);
mandible broader, in close apposition with the epistomal margin (fig. c)
.......................................................
3
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|
3A
|
Four well spaced teeth anterior to a ventral row of 13-20 teeth (fig.
a) ........................................ 4
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|
3B
|
Mandible otherwise
(figs a, b & c)
........................................................................................
5
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|
4A
|
Epistomal margin distinctly bilobed, projecting further than paraclypeal
margins (fig. a); mandible with 18-20 ventral teeth (fig. b); tibial
armature a comb of 7-8 teeth, with 1-2 teeth dorsal to the comb (figc), ex Ficus
spec. K. .................................................................................................................... P. jinjaensis
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|
4B
|
Slight lateral projections
on epistomal margin, the margin not projecting further than the paraclypeal
margins (fig. a); mandible with 13-15 ventral teeth (fig. b); tibial armature a comb
of 5-6 teeth, with a single tooth dorsal to the comb (fig. c), ex F.
"natalensis" .................................... P. geminus
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|
5A
|
Mandible with at least two rows of ventral teeth. If only two rows are
present the anterior row is uneven (fig. a), usually many rows forming a
plate of teeth (figs. b &c) ................................................................
6
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|
5B
|
Mandible with a single row
of ventral teeth (fig. a). A second row of teeth may be present, but it
is then inconspicuous and in a straight line (fig. b) .................................................................................
14
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|
6A
|
Head square; epistomal margin weakly produced (fig.
a); two rows of
ventral teeth on the mandible (fig. [b), ex F.
craterostoma ...... P. insolitus
|
|
6B
|
Head elongate, more than
1.25X longer than wide (fig.a); epistomal margin strongly produced; more than two rows
of ventral teeth on the mandible (fig. b)
...................................................................... 7
|
|
7A
|
Toruli situated completely between the eyes (figs.
a & b);
ventral tentorial pits situated in the posterior end of a medial groove (figs.c)
.....................................................................................................
8
|
|
7B
|
Toruli situated on an
imaginary line joining the anterior margins of the eyes (figs. a & b); no medial groove present on the underside of the head (fig.
c) ..............
9
|
|
8A
|
Head 1.34X longer than wide, medial concavity of the epistomal margin as
deep as broad (fig. a); three to four uneven rows of ventral teeth on the
mandible, posterior row with ca. 26 teeth (fig. b), ex F.
natalensis natalensis ......................................................................................
P. medius
|
|
8B
|
Head 1.55X longer than
wide, medial concavity of the epistomal margin deeper than broad (fig. a);
more than three rows of ventral mandibular teeth forming an extensive plate of
teeth, posterior row with ca. 44 teeth (fig. b), ex F.
"natalensis", F.
"thonningii" and F.
"dekekena" .............................................. P. ugandensis
|
|
9A
|
Eye length 1.5X cheek length; epistomal margin with a broad v-shaped
medial indentation (fig. a); hypostoma present (fig. b), ex F.
trichopoda
..................... P.
hippopotomus
|
|
9B
|
Eye length twice cheek length; epistomal margin with a narrow v-shaped
medial indentation, flanked by a step on each side (fig. a); hypostoma
absent (fig. b), ex F. platyphylla
......... P. barbatus
|
|
10A
|
Ovipositor valves more than half as long as the
gaster (fig. a), ex F.
bussei ............
P. zambesiacus
|
|
10B
|
Valves a third or less than
a third of gaster length
....................................................................... 11
|
|
11A
|
Epistomal margin smooth and deeply concave (fig.
a); two ventral teeth
on mandible (fig. b), ex F. glumosa P. warei
|
|
11B
|
Epistomal margin with a
medial convexity and only slightly concave (fig. a); three ventral teeth on
mandible (figs. b & c) ..... 12
|
|
12A
|
Four ventral teeth on mandible (fig.
a), ex F.
craterostoma (?)
.......... P.
quatuordentatus
|
|
12B
|
Three ventral teeth on
mandible (figs. a & b) ..... 13
|
|
13A
|
Four teeth on the dorso-apical margin of the fore tibia (fig.
a);
paraclypeal margin/cheek junction rounded (fig. b), ex F.
abutilifolia ......... P. rotundus
|
|
13B
|
Three teeth on the
dorso-apical margin of the fore tibia (fig. a); paraclypeal margin/cheek
junction quadrate (fig. b), ex F. burtt-davyi, F.
thonningii, F. l. lingua, F.
stuhlmannii, F. craterostoma and F.
natalensis leprieurii ............ P. liodontus
|
|
14A
|
Malar sulcus
absent (fig a); toruli either situated completely below the eyes or
in line with the anterior margin of the eyes (fig b), if in line then epistomal margin
with a deep medial incision (fig.c) ..
15
|
|
14B
|
Malar sulcus distinct for
complete cheek length (fig a); toruli situated completely between the eyes
(fig.b), epistomal
margin never with a medial incision (fig. c) ..... 17
|
|
15A
|
Head square (fig.
a), ex F.
thonningii ............ P. barbarus
|
|
15B
|
Head elongate, at least
1.3X longer than wide (Figs. a & b) ..
16
|
|
16A
|
Eye 1.5X longer than cheek; epistomal margin with shallow medial
concavity (fig. a), ex F. reflexa P. Boučeki
|
|
16B
|
Eye length equal to cheek
length; epistomal margin convex (fig. a), ex F.
antandronarum bernardii ............ P. comorensis
|
|
17A
|
Comb of six teeth present on dorso-apical margin of tibia; epistomal
margin with a deep medial incision (fig. a), ex F.
lutea ... P.
silvestrii
|
|
17B
|
Plate of teeth present for
most of dorso-antiaxial length of tibia (figs. a, b);
epistomal margin with only a shallow medial concavity (figs. c) ....
18
|
|
18A
|
Tibial plate subequal in length to first tarsal segment (figs.
a & b); antennal funicle segments longer than wide (fig. c), ex F.
saussureana ....... P. cavus
|
|
18B
|
Tibial plate 2.5X as long
as first tarsal segment (fig. a); antennal funicle segments broader than long
(fig. b), ex F. chlamydocarpa ..
P. comptoni
|
|
19A
|
Eye length twice or more than twice as long as cheek ..
20
|
|
19B
|
Eye length less than 1.6X
as long as cheek .. 21
|
|
20A
|
Head 1.6X longer than wide, eye length 2.4X longer than cheek; epistomal
margin broadly and shallowly concave (fig. 7), ex F.
t. tremula ..... P. clairae
|
|
20B
|
Head 1.4X longer than wide,
eye length twice as long as cheek; epistomal margin concavity less broad and
more medially situated (fig. 15), ex F.
ottonifolia lucanda .... P.
levis
|
|
20A
|
Epistomal margin concavity deeper than the paraclypeal margins(fig. 1);
head 1.5X longer than wide; eye length 1.37X longer than cheek, ex F.
ottonifolia ulugarensis .............
P. bifurcus
|
|
20B
|
Epistomal margin concavity
shallower than the paraclypeal margins (fig. 5 & 16); head either 1.25X or
1.65X longer than wide; eye length 1.56X longer than cheek...
22
|
|
22A
|
Head 1.65X longer than wide; epistomal margin broad, width 0.4X head
width (fig. 16); fore tibial armature on dorso-apical margin bidentate (fig.
11), ex F. artocarpoides ............
P.
rasplusi
|
|
22B
|
Head 1.25X longer than
wide; epistomal margin narrow, width 0.26X head width (fig. 5); fore tibial
armature on dorso-apical margin tridentate, ex Ficus
s. macrosperma ....... P. bakeri
|
|
MALES
The males of P.
geminus, P. insolitus, P.
bakeri, P. bifurcus, P. levis, and
P. quatuordentatus are unknown.
|
|
1A
|
Mandibular apical teeth subequal, outer tooth less than twice the length
of the inner (measured along the opposing inner edges); antennal flagellum
shorter than the scape .
2
|
|
1B
|
Outer mandibular apical
tooth more than twice the length of the inner; antennal flagellum longer than
the scape .............. 4
|
|
2A
|
Toruli situated in line with the anterior margin of the eyes; deep medial
incision in the epistomal margin; inner mandibular tooth truncate (fig. [I]27),
ex F. lutea ................ P.
silvestrii
|
|
2B
|
Toruli situated completely
below the eyes; epistomal margin with only a shallow medial concavity (fig. [I]6
& [I]15); inner mandibular tooth pointed (figs. [I]7 & [I]16) ..............
3
|
|
3A
|
Head ca. square, L:W = 1.02; vertex rounded (fig. [I]15), ex F.
saussureana ........... P.
cavus
|
|
3B
|
Head broad, L:W = 0.90;
vertex subquadrate (fig. [I]6) ex F. chlamydocarpa
..... ......... P.
comptoni
|
|
4A
|
Epistomal margin smoothly concave (figs. [I]22, 22 & 29) ...
5
|
|
4B
|
Epistomal margin less
concave with a medial convexity, which may be indistinct (e.g. figs. [I]39,
[I]44, [I]53, 13 & 38) ... 8
|
|
5A
|
Vertex rounded (fig. 22), mesoscutum, scutellum and vertex dark brown, ex
F. glumosa ..
P. warei
|
|
5B
|
Vertex straight (fig.
[I]22), head and body testaceous .............. 6
|
|
6A
|
Head elongate, 1.5X longer than wide (fig. [I]22), ex F.
antandronarum bernardii
....
P. comorensis
|
|
6B
|
Head ca. square, L:W =
0.97-1.1 7
|
|
7A
|
Head slightly longer than wide L:W = 1.1; small species, total length,
with head in orthognathous position = 1.2 mm, ex F.
reflexa P. Boučeki
|
|
7B
|
Head broad, L:W = 0.97
(fig. 29); larger species, total length, with head in orthognathous position =
1.84 mm, ex F. bussei .
P. zambesiacus
|
|
8A
|
Posterior two-thirds of head dark brown, almost black, ex F.
platyphylla ............. P. barbatus
|
|
8B
|
Head testaceous..............
9
|
|
9A
|
Toruli in line with the anterior margin of the eyes (figs. [I]44 &
[I]53) ............
10
|
|
9B
|
Toruli situated completely
between the eyes, even if only just (fig. [I]39) ............
11
|
|
10A
|
Head slightly elongate, L:W = 1.1; vertex straight (fig. [I]44), ex Ficus
spec. ....... P. ugandensis
|
|
10B
|
Head square, L:W = 1.0;
vertex more rounded (fig. [I]53), ex F. trichopoda ............ P. hippopotomus
|
|
11A
|
Anterior edge of the toruli situated above the anterior margin of the
eyes by at least the length of a torulus (fig. 38)
12
|
|
11B
|
Anterior edge of the toruli
situated on or just above the anterior margin of the eyes by less than the
length of a torulus . 13
|
|
12A
|
Mandible broad, width a third of total length; larger species - total
length = 1.67 mm, ex F. abutilifolia ......... P.
rotundus
|
|
12B
|
Mandible narrower, width a
quarter of total length; smaller species - total length = 1.3mm, ex F.
n. leprieurii, F. craterostoma, F. burtt-davyi, F. thonningii,
F. stuhlmannii .........
P. liodontus
|
|
13A
|
Toruli very slightly separated (fig. 13), ex F.
t. tremula P. clairae
|
|
13B
|
Toruli touching along inner
edges .. 14
|
|
14A
|
Toruli situated distinctly above the line joining the anterior margins of
the eyes; epistomal margin slightly concave, ex F.
thonningii ............ P. barbarus
|
|
14B
|
Toruli situated with their
anterior margins on the line joining the anterior margins of the eyes; epistomal
margin straighter with a slight medial convexity.
15
|
|
15A
|
Cheek length 0.42X the eye length (fig. [I]36), ex Ficus
spec. ... P.
jinjaensis
|
|
15B
|
Cheek length 0.30X the eye
length (fig. [I]39), ex F. n. natalensis P. medius
|
|
