Key to the genera of Sycoecinae

a

b

c

1A

Fore tarsi four - segmented (fig.a); laminar projection present on the proximal fore tarsal segment (fig. a); clypeal sutures meet before the toruli (fig. b); usually with a long thin ovipositor (ca. as long as gaster) (fig. c), but this can be short; hypopygium often extending well beyond end of the metasoma (fig. c), but can also not protrude  (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, China) ..................................................................................................................................... Diaziella 

Fourteen described species. Key: van Noort, Peng & Rasplus (2006). Thirty new species currently being described (van Noort & Rasplus in prep.).

b

c

d

1B

Fore tarsi five - segmented; laminar projection absent (a); if the clypeal sutures are present then they are separate (b), or if they meet before the toruli then the clypeal margin is narrow (less than a third of the head width); ovipositor short; hypopygium never extending beyond end of metasoma (figs. c & d) ..............................................................................................................................................  2

a

b

c

d

2A

No antennal scrobe (fig. a); clypeal sutures not defined (fig. b); medial carina present between the toruli (fig. c); ovipositor short, usually not discernable (fig. d) (Papua New Guinea) ............................   Robertsia

Four species in Papua New Guinea. Key: van Noort & Rasplus 2005

a

b

c

d

2B

Antennal scrobe present (fig a); clypeal sutures present (fig b); no medial carina between the toruli (fig c); ovipositor distinctly protruding ((fig. d) Afrotropical region) ..................................................................... 3

a

b

c

3A

Fore tibial spur expanded, plate-like, with many small teeth (fig. a); propleura excavated (fig. b); first funicle segment expanded antiaxially relative to other segments (fig. c); two labial and four maxillary palp segments ............................................................................................................................. Sycoecus

Afrotropical. Ten described species. Probably gall-makers. Restricted to Ficus species in subsection Cyathistipulae. Key to species: van Noort (1993b).

a

b

c

3B

Fore tibial spur normal (fig. a); propleura not excavated (fig. b); first funicle segment not expanded (fig. c); two or three maxillary palp segments ......................................................................................................... 4

a

4A

Propodeal spiracles medially situated (fig. a); propodeal plicae (sometimes weak) extend from the spiracles to the posterior propodeal margin (fig. a) ....................................................................................... Seres  

Afrotropical. Four described (2-3 undescribed) species, probably gall makers and restricted to Ficus species in subsection Caulocarpae. Key to the species: van Noort (1993a).

a

4B

Propodeal spiracles anteriorly situated (fig. a); propodeal plicae absent (fig. a) ........................................ 5  

a

b

c

5A

Eighth urotergite spiracular peritremata expanded (fig. a); marginal vein thin (more than 8X longer than wide); 1 labial, 2 maxillary palp segments; ventral tentorial pits usually distinctly and widely separated (fig. b), or if in close apposition, then the toruli are situated more than their length below an imaginary line joining the base of the eyes and the head is elongate (more than 1.5X longer than wide) (fig. c) ......................... Crossogaster  

Afrotropical. Sixteen described species, few undescribed, the host association is less tight than those of Seres and Sycoecus. Most species develop in figs of the subsection Platyphyllae and Chlamydodorae. Very probably gall makers. Key to species: van Noort (1994a).  

a

b

5B

Eighth urotergite spiracular peritremata not expanded (fig. a); marginal vein thickened (less than 8X longer than wide); 2 labial and 3 maxillary palp segments; ventral tentorial pits indistinguishable as separate, or in very close apposition; toruli usually situated between or in line with the base of the eyes (fig. b), if below then a plate of teeth is present on the fore tibia and the head is less than 1.25X longer than wide ...... Philocaenus

Philocaenus contains 22 described species, all afrotropical. They are associated with Ficus of the section Galoglychia, and of the subsections Platyphyllae and Chlamydodorae. Key to species: van Noort (1994c).

a

b

c

1A

Apterous (figs. a, b & c) (Australasian region: Papua New Guinea) .......................................... Robertsia  

a

b

1B

Fully winged (figs. a & b) (Oriental and Afrotropical regions) .............................................................. 2

a

2A

Fore tarsi four - segmented (Oriental region: Malaysia, Indonesia, China) .................................  Diaziella

a

2B

Fore tarsi five - segmented (Afrotropical region) .................................................................................... 3

a

3A

Propodeal spiracles medially situated with a plica (which may be indistinct) present from the spiracle to the posterior propodeal margin ............................................................................................... Seres

a

3B

Propodeal spiracles anteriorly situated, plica absent ................................................................... 4

a

b

4A

Two apical mandibular teeth and a single ventral tooth, mandible short and squat (fig. a), head always yellowish-brown; vertex produced medially between the lateral ocelli (fig. b) ..................... Sycoecus

a

b

4B

Mandible more elongate with two apical teeth and no ventral tooth (fig. a), or if the ventral tooth is present (fig. b) then the head is metallic green; vertex evenly rounded .................................................................... 5

a

b

5A

Outer mandibular apical tooth usually distinctly shorter than the inner (fig. a), or if only marginally shorter then a small ventral tooth is present (fig. b) and the toruli are separated by at least three-quarters of a torulus width ....................................................................................................................... Crossogaster

a

b

5B

Outer mandibular apical tooth usually distinctly longer than the inner (fig. a), or if only marginally longer then no ventral tooth is present (fig. b) and the toruli are separated by less than a quarter of a torulus width ........ ........................................................................................................................... Philocaenus